UPSC notes

Contents

Topics grouped by GS paper. Open any entry for background, facts, how Prelims asks it, and recent news.

1chapters
93topics
0updated today

Index

Chapter I

Social Justice & Development

93 topics
  1. § Access to Higher Education & Equity p.1

    Government initiatives to expand higher education access, especially for rural and disadvantaged ...

  2. § Accountability and Transparency in Public Trusts p.1

    Accountability and transparency are paramount in public trusts managing donations, requiring robu...

  3. § Adolescent Malnutrition (Double Burden) p.1

    India faces a 'double burden' of malnutrition in adolescents, with persistent stunting alongside ...

  4. § Adoption Process & Reforms p.2

    The existing legal adoption process, perceived as lengthy and complex, inadvertently contributes ...

  5. § Aging Population and Retirement Security in India p.2

    India faces a looming retirement crisis due to a rapidly aging population, high medical inflation...

  6. § Anganwadi System Reforms & Evolution p.2

    The Anganwadi system, a vital component of India's ICDS, is undergoing significant reforms, shift...

  7. § Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM) p.3

    A national mission to build a comprehensive digital health ecosystem in India, facilitating seaml...

  8. § Behavioral Nudges in Public Policy Implementation p.3

    Behavioral nudges are policy tools that subtly influence choices towards desired outcomes, crucia...

  9. § Bonded Labor System p.3

    Bonded labor is a constitutionally prohibited form of forced labor, abolished by law, where indiv...

  10. § Burden of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) and Health Financing Challenges in India p.4

    Recent health surveys reveal a growing burden of NCDs like obesity and diabetes across all demogr...

  11. § Caste Census p.4

    A proposed enumeration of caste identities beyond Scheduled Castes and Tribes as part of the dece...

  12. § Census of India p.4

    The Census of India is a statutory, decennial exercise by the RGI, vital for national planning. T...

  13. § Cervical Cancer Prevention & HPV Vaccination in India p.5

    India faces a high burden of cervical cancer, largely preventable by HPV vaccination. The governm...

  14. § Challenges to Education for Migrant Children p.5

    Migrant children face significant hurdles in accessing and continuing education, including langua...

  15. § Child Malnutrition in India p.5

    Child malnutrition in India, as per NFHS-6, shows progress in stunting reduction due to better he...

  16. § Child Protection Mechanisms and Challenges in India p.6

    India's child protection system, particularly concerning child sexual abuse under the POCSO Act, ...

  17. § Child Trafficking p.6

    Child trafficking involves organized gangs exploiting vulnerable mothers and childless couples, o...

  18. § Code on Social Security, 2020 p.6

    The Code on Social Security, 2020, consolidates nine social security laws, aiming for universal c...

  19. § Communal Harmony & Social Media's Impact p.7

    Social media significantly influences communal harmony by rapidly spreading narratives that can e...

  20. § Cooperative Movement in India p.7

    The cooperative movement is a constitutionally backed, member-driven model promoting economic and...

  21. § Data Integrity and Reliability in Public Policy p.7

    Data integrity and reliability are paramount for effective public policy, ensuring that governmen...

  22. § Digital Literacy and Cyber Awareness p.8

    Enhancing digital literacy and cyber awareness is a critical defense against hybrid cybercrime. I...

  23. § Disease Surveillance and Notifiable Diseases Policy p.8
  24. § Drought Management and Mitigation p.8

    Drought management encompasses proactive measures like water conservation and crop planning, and ...

  25. § Drug Abuse and Trafficking in India: Challenges and Responses p.9

    India faces a complex drug problem due to its location between major drug-producing regions, dome...

  26. § Drug Traceability and Quality Control in Pharmaceuticals p.9

    A government initiative to enhance drug authenticity and quality control through a QR code-based ...

  27. § Early Childhood Development (ECD) p.9

    Early Childhood Development (ECD) is a holistic process encompassing physical, cognitive, and soc...

  28. § Economic Valuation of Unpaid Domestic Labour p.10

    The Supreme Court's ruling on quantifying unpaid domestic labour for compensation in accident cas...

  29. § Economic Valuation of Unpaid Domestic Work p.10

    The Supreme Court's Shishupal judgment significantly advanced the economic valuation of homemaker...

  30. § Education System Reforms and Challenges p.10

    The article highlights the critical need for well-planned and executed education reforms, particu...

  31. § Education Welfare Schemes & Policy Implementation p.11

    Odisha's new government announced free KG to PG education in state institutions, benefiting EWS a...

  32. § Electricity Distribution Sector Reforms in India p.11

    India's electricity distribution sector faces significant challenges like high AT&C losses and ag...

  33. § Epidemic Preparedness and Response in India p.11

    India's epidemic preparedness involves a comprehensive system of surveillance, lab networks, rapi...

  34. § Erosion of Social Capital and Public Sphere p.12

    Examines the weakening of traditional collective social life, public spaces, and community instit...

  35. § Ethnobotany and Traditional Knowledge p.12

    The ethnobotanical uses of Solanum pandeyi by the Great Andamanese tribe and settler communities ...

  36. § Evolution and Effectiveness of Population Policies in India p.12

    India's population policy is shifting from control to incentives due to falling TFR. Andhra Prade...

  37. § Financial Inclusion for Women p.13

    Government and financial institutions offer various incentives like lower interest rates, reduced...

  38. § Fixed Dose Combination (FDC) Drugs Regulation p.13

    FDCs combine multiple drugs; while beneficial when rational, irrational FDCs pose significant hea...

  39. § Food Security Schemes & Public Distribution System p.13

    Odisha's Chief Minister Annapurna Yojana will provide an additional 5 kg of free rice monthly to ...

  40. § Good Samaritan Law and Protection p.14

    Good Samaritan laws protect individuals who assist others in emergencies from legal liability, en...

  41. § Governance Challenges in Policy Implementation p.14

    Policy implementation often faces challenges like administrative errors, inadequate enforcement, ...

  42. § Governance and Accountability in the Indian Education System p.14

    The Indian education system is under scrutiny for governance failures, including examination irre...

  43. § Government Initiatives for MSME Development p.15

    Government initiatives for MSMEs encompass a range of schemes and digital platforms designed to b...

  44. § Health Insurance and Healthcare Financing p.15

    Health insurance in India faces challenges of adequacy and affordability due to rising costs and ...

  45. § Heatwaves and Public Health Management p.15

    Heatwaves pose significant public health risks, exacerbated by climate change. Governments implem...

  46. § Human Trafficking p.16

    Human trafficking, particularly for commercial sexual exploitation, is a severe human rights viol...

  47. § Human Trafficking for Cyber Slavery p.16

    Human trafficking for cyber slavery involves luring individuals with false job promises, confinin...

  48. § Illicit Liquor as a Public Health and Governance Crisis p.16

    Illicit liquor tragedies are a recurring public health crisis in India, driven by methanol divers...

  49. § Implementation Challenges of Rights-Based Legislation p.17

    Despite robust rights-based legislation, implementation in India is often hampered by infrastruct...

  50. § Inclusive Urban Planning & Climate Resilience p.17

    Focuses on integrating climate action with urban planning, housing, health, and social protection...

  51. § Integration of Traditional Indian Wellness Systems (AYUSH) into Public Health p.17

    This concept covers the Indian government's policy and efforts to promote and integrate tradition...

  52. § Integrity of Public Examination Systems p.18

    The integrity of public examination systems is vital for meritocracy and social justice, but freq...

  53. § International Maritime Labour Standards and Conventions p.18

    International conventions like STCW and MLC 2006 establish global standards for seafarer training...

  54. § International Migration Governance & Refugee Protection p.18

    The EU's efforts to deport Afghan migrants amidst a humanitarian crisis highlight the complexitie...

  55. § LGBTQ+ Rights and Gender Identity p.19

    Focuses on legal recognition, anti-discrimination measures, and ongoing challenges for LGBTQ+ ind...

  56. § Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) p.19

    MSMEs are the economic backbone, driving employment and growth. Key challenges include access to ...

  57. § Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in India p.19

    MSMEs are the economic backbone of India, driving growth, employment, and inclusive development, ...

  58. § National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 p.20

    NEP 2020 is India's latest comprehensive education policy, aiming for holistic development, skill...

  59. § National Family Health Survey (NFHS) p.20

    The NFHS is a vital, large-scale survey providing comprehensive data on India's health, populatio...

  60. § National Pension System (NPS) p.20

    NPS is India's market-linked, defined contribution pension scheme, recently reformed to allow hig...

  61. § Occupational Health & Climate Change Impacts p.21

    Examines how climate change, particularly extreme heat, poses significant occupational health ris...

  62. § Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) in India p.21

    OSH in India faces challenges like poor enforcement, cost-cutting leading to safety compromises, ...

  63. § Parametric Heat Insurance for Informal Workers p.21

    Parametric heat insurance provides automatic, trigger-based payouts to informal workers to mitiga...

  64. § Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) p.22

    PMAY is a central government scheme providing affordable housing, notably encouraging female owne...

  65. § Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (PC-PNDT) Act, 1994 p.22

    The PC-PNDT Act, 1994, is a crucial legal framework in India designed to combat female foeticide ...

  66. § Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme p.22

    The PLI scheme is a government policy offering incentives on incremental sales to boost domestic ...

  67. § Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act and Adolescent Sexuality p.23

    The POCSO Act, intended for child protection, faces criticism for criminalizing consensual adoles...

  68. § Provisions of the Panchayats (Extension to the Scheduled Areas) Act (PESA), 1996 p.23

    PESA, 1996, extends the 73rd Amendment to Scheduled Areas, empowering Gram Sabhas with significan...

  69. § Public Health Challenges in India: Dual Burden of Disease p.24

    India's public health faces a 'dual burden' of persistent malnutrition and rising obesity/NCDs, r...

  70. § Public Health Data Utilization and Evidence-Based Policymaking p.24

    The article highlights India's challenge in translating vast health survey data (like NFHS) into ...

  71. § Public Health Policy in India: Challenges and Critiques p.25

    India's public health policies are critiqued for shifting focus from population health to individ...

  72. § Public Health Preparedness and Disease Surveillance p.25

    Public health preparedness involves a health system's ability to respond to emergencies. Kerala's...

  73. § Public Health System and Frontline Health Workers in India p.25

    India's public health system, driven by frontline workers (ASHA, AWW, ANM), has achieved signific...

  74. § Public Healthcare Infrastructure and Women's Health in India p.23

    India's public healthcare infrastructure faces significant challenges, including resource shortag...

  75. § Public Healthcare System Reforms and Decentralized Delivery p.24

    Tamil Nadu's healthcare model exemplifies effective public health system reforms through sustaine...

  76. § Regulation and Quality Assurance in Higher Education p.26

    Government's commitment to regulating higher education institutions through inspections, ensuring...

  77. § Regulation of Unhealthy Food Advertising and Public Health p.26

    Policy measures to regulate advertising of unhealthy foods (HFSS/UPFs) are crucial to combat NCDs...

  78. § Reservation Policy and Social Justice in India p.26

    The Supreme Court's observations on reservation benefits for advanced sections within backward cl...

  79. § STEAM Education p.29

    STEAM education integrates Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics to promote han...

  80. § Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan p.27

    An overarching scheme by the Ministry of Education for school education (pre-school to Class 12),...

  81. § Seafarer Welfare and Training Initiatives p.27

    Government's 'Sagar Mein Yog' initiative mandates comprehensive yoga-based wellness training for ...

  82. § Sex Ratio & Female Foeticide p.27

    Declining sex ratio, driven by female foeticide and son preference, is a major social and demogra...

  83. § Skill Development Initiatives in India p.28

    Government initiatives like PMKVY, NAPS, and Skill India Digital, spearheaded by MSDE, aim to equ...

  84. § Social Discrimination and Minority Rights p.28

    The issue of targeting religious minorities under the guise of demographic concerns and immigrati...

  85. § State Excise Policy and Alcohol Regulation p.28

    State excise policy governs alcohol production, sale, and consumption, balancing state revenue wi...

  86. § Student Suicides and Mental Health Crisis in India p.29

    Student suicides are a growing national crisis in India, driven by academic pressure, societal ex...

  87. § Three-Language Formula p.29

    The Three-Language Formula is a long-standing education policy in India, aiming to foster multili...

  88. § Traditional Pastoral Livelihoods and Common Property Resources p.30

    Traditional pastoral communities depend on common lands for livelihoods, but their customary righ...

  89. § Tribal Governance and Welfare in Scheduled Areas p.30

    Tribal governance and welfare in Scheduled Areas are guided by constitutional safeguards (Fifth/S...

  90. § Tuberculosis Elimination Program in India p.30

    India's ambitious TB elimination goal by 2025 requires a holistic strategy beyond a single vaccin...

  91. § Welfare Measures for Defence Personnel and Martyrs' Families p.31

    This concept covers the government's policies and initiatives aimed at honouring and supporting d...

  92. § Women's Labor Force Participation and Enabling Social Infrastructure p.31

    Boosting women's labor force participation requires robust social infrastructure like universal c...

  93. § Women's Rights and Resistance in Taliban-ruled Afghanistan p.31

    Afghan women face severe rights abuses under the Taliban, leading to courageous public protests, ...

← Current affairs feed · Prelims home